Results from Phase 2 Study of Fazirsiran in Patients with Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Published in New England Journal of Medicine
Jun 27, 2022 at 6:00 AM EDT
Fibrosis regression observed in 58% (7 of 12) of patients receiving 200 mg fazirsiran
Median reduction of 83% of Z-AAT accumulation in the liver
Reduction of 69% in histologic globule burden
Substantial and sustained improvements in clinically relevant biomarkers of liver health
Osaka, JAPAN, and Pasadena, CALIF., June 27, 2022 – Takeda (TSE:4502/NYSE:TAK) (“Takeda”) and Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals Inc. (NASDAQ: ARWR) today announced that results from a Phase 2 clinical study (AROAAT-2002) of investigational fazirsiran (TAK-999/ARO-AAT) for the treatment of liver disease associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) were recently published in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) and presented in an oral presentation at The International Liver Congress™ 2022 - The Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL). The NEJM article was published online ahead of print and is titled, “Fazirsiran for Liver Disease Associated with Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency.” The EASL presentation was titled, “Reduction of Intra-hepatic Z-AAT Synthesis by Fazirsiran Decreases Globule Burden and Improves Histological Measures of Liver Disease in Adults with Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency.”
“There is currently no specific treatment for liver disease associated with AATD. The results from the AROAAT-2002 study provide multiple lines of evidence that preexisting liver damage in these patients may be meaningfully improved following treatment with fazirsiran,” said Pavel Strnad, M.D., Professor at University Hospital RWTH Aachen and principal investigator of the AROAAT-2002 study who presented the data at EASL. “Specifically, the improvements in histological globule burden, reduction in histological signs of portal inflammation, normalization of elevated liver enzymes, and improvement in liver fibrosis are all encouraging indicators that fazirsiran may rapidly ameliorate liver injury. It also speaks to the exciting innovation going on in the field, that an siRNA therapeutic specifically targeted into the liver has the potential to address a previously untreatable liver disease”
Fazirsiran is a potential first-in-class investigational RNA interference (RNAi) therapy designed to reduce the production of mutant alpha-1 antitrypsin protein (Z-AAT) as a potential treatment for the rare genetic liver disease associated with AATD. Z-AAT accumulation is believed to be the cause of progressive liver disease in patients with AATD. Reducing production of the inflammatory Z-AAT protein is expected to halt the progression of liver disease and potentially allow the liver to regenerate and repair. Fazirsiran was granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation (BTD) in July 2021 and Orphan Drug Designation in February 2018 for the treatment of AATD from the US FDA.
“The exciting data on fazirsiran treatment from the open label AROAAT-2002 Phase 2 study in patients with AATD liver disease suggest a treatment effect and the potential to improve multiple downstream markers of liver health. We are also nearing completion of the Phase 2 SEQUOIA study and we look forward to further assessing the potential of fazirsiran in this larger placebo-controlled study,” said Javier San Martin, M.D., Chief Medical Officer at Arrowhead. “Fazirsiran has shown a high level of activity across all patients studied and is representative of how the RNA interference pathway can be leveraged to reliably and consistently silence gene expression and potentially have a positive impact on patients with various genetic diseases.”
“These early results demonstrate the potential for an RNAi therapy like fazirsiran to reverse liver disease in patients with AATD liver disease and we are hopeful fazirsiran will one day help patients avoid the need to undergo liver transplantation,” said Chinwe Ukomadu, M.D., Ph.D., Head, Gastroenterology Therapeutic Area Unit at Takeda. “We look forward to continuing our successful collaboration with Arrowhead and applying Takeda’s long history of innovation in gastroenterology to initiate a Phase 3 study of fazirsiran.”
About The Phase 2 AROAAT-2002 Study
AROAAT-2002 (NCT03946449) is a pilot open-label, multi-dose, Phase 2 study to assess the response to fazirsiran in 16 patients with AATD associated liver disease and baseline liver fibrosis. Patients were enrolled in three cohorts. All eligible participants received a pre-dose biopsy and an end of study biopsy. Treated participants were also offered the opportunity to continue treatment in an open-label extension (OLE). Including the OLE, interim assessments were made after 6 months and 18 months (cohorts 1, 1b), and 12 months and 24 months (cohort 2) of treatment with fazirsiran.
Efficacy Results
All patients (n=16) had reductions in accumulated total mutant AAT protein (Z-AAT) in the liver (median percentage change at week 24 or 48, -83.3%; 95% confidence interval, -89.7 to -76.4). A substantial mean reduction from baseline in serum Z-AAT concentration was observed in all cohorts, with a nadir of -90±5% in the 200-mg cohort and -87±6% in the 100-mg cohort at week 6. Reductions in liver Z-AAT concentrations were associated with histologic improvements in inflammation.
Most patients had a high histologic PAS-D globule burden at baseline (mean score, 7.4; scores range from 0 to 9, with higher scores indicating a greater globule burden). After treatment, all patients had a decreased globule burden, with the mean score decreasing to 2.3 at week 24 or 48 (69% reduction).
Biomarkers of liver injury were also reduced. At baseline, mean ALT concentrations were above the upper limit of the normal range in all cohorts. After treatment, ALT concentrations decreased in all cohorts from week 16 through week 52. All 12 patients with ALT concentrations above the upper limit of the normal range at baseline had reductions to normal concentrations at week 52.
Regression of fibrosis of at least 1 stage occurred in 7 of 12 patients receiving the 200-mg dose (cohorts 1 and 2), including 2 patients with cirrhosis, and in none of 3 patients with evaluable biopsies who received the 100-mg dose (cohort 1b). Two patients in cohort 2 had progression of fibrosis from baseline to week 48 (both from F2 to F3), although both had profound reductions in PAS-D globule burden (scores of 9 and 4 at baseline and 0 for both at week 48) and reduced ALT and ?-glutamyltransferase concentrations with treatment.
Safety Results
Fazirsiran was generally well tolerated. Over a period of 1.5 years, there were no deaths, discontinuations of treatment with fazirsiran, or dose interruptions. The most common adverse events that emerged or worsened after the first administration of fazirsiran were arthralgia and increased concentrations of blood creatinine kinase. There were no apparent dose dependent increases in the frequency or severity of adverse events. Four serious adverse events, all moderate in severity, were reported in cohorts 1 and 2, all of which resolved with all four patients continuing to receive fazirsiran treatment in the extension period.
So far, there have been no major pulmonary adverse events resulting in drug or trial discontinuations. Four of the six patients who entered the trial while receiving AAT augmentation therapy had a history of emphysema, and none reported exacerbations.